Torque Wrench Selection, Use and Calibration — ISO 6789

Reference manual hosted for technician access. 3 pages.
Brand
cBallast
Equipment
Torque wrench, torque multiplier, torque analyser
Document type
Selection + calibration guide
Revision
ISO 6789 : 2017
Issued
2026-07-15
Pages
3
Format
PDF (application/pdf)

Torque wrench selection, correct use technique, and calibration interval per ISO 6789. Covers wrench types (click, dial-indicator, digital, hydraulic), Class I (indicating) vs Class II (setting) tolerance, torque unit conversion, and calibration frequency guidance for industrial and maintenance workshops.

Wrench types

TypeAccuracy (Class)Typical rangeBest for
Beam / deflectionClass I (indicating) ±4%0 – 350 NmSimple, robust, low cost; occasional use
Dial-indicatorClass I ±4%0 – 3000 NmBench work, laboratory, calibration reference
Click (mechanical)Class II (setting) ±4%1 – 2000 NmProduction line, general workshop
Digital electronicClass I / II ±2%0.3 – 2000 NmHigh-accuracy critical joints, data logging
Torque multiplier (planetary)Accuracy from input wrench × ratio200 – 100,000 NmHeavy bolts, flanged joints, wind turbines
Hydraulic torque wrench±3%500 – 200,000 NmLarge-flange bolts, offshore, mining

Class I vs Class II (ISO 6789)

ISO 6789 distinguishes two wrench classes. Class I ("Indicating") — the wrench continuously displays the applied torque via a scale, dial or digital readout. The operator reads the value and stops applying force at the target. Class II ("Setting") — the wrench is set to a pre-selected torque value; a mechanical click, break or slip signals the operator to stop. Class I gives visibility into the actual applied torque; Class II gives repeatability across many joints at the cost of no readback if the mechanism drifts. Both have the same ±4% tolerance when new; both require the same calibration interval.

Correct use technique

  1. Set to zero after use — a click-type wrench left set at high torque puts the spring under continuous load; the setpoint drifts. Wind it back to the lowest scale mark after each use.
  2. Grip at the marked pivot point — the wrench is calibrated for the moment arm from tool tip to a specific handle grip position. Gripping elsewhere changes the effective moment arm and the applied torque.
  3. Pull, don't push — pushing risks hand injury when the joint yields suddenly and gives less controlled force application.
  4. Steady, slow application — jerking the wrench gives a peak-detection error on digital, and can over-click a click-type wrench past its setpoint.
  5. Never use as a breakout tool — undoing a stuck bolt overstresses the torque cell / click mechanism; use a plain breaker bar for undoing.

Torque unit conversion

FromToMultiply by
Nmft-lb0.7376
ft-lbNm1.3558
Nmin-lb8.851
in-lbNm0.1130
ft-lbin-lb12.0
kg-m (kgf·m)Nm9.807

Calibration frequency

Use patternRecommended interval
Critical / safety-related joints (aerospace, nuclear, wheel-lug)Every 3-6 months or 1,000 cycles, whichever first
Production line / high-cycle industrialEvery 6 months or 5,000 cycles
General workshop / maintenanceAnnual, or after 2,500 cycles
Occasional-use hand toolAnnual, if used more than 100 times
After a drop or apparent shockImmediate re-verification

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Document provided as a reference for technicians servicing installed equipment. Trademarks and copyright remain the property of cBallast. Consult cBallast or your service representative for the current revision before performing any maintenance or warranty work.